Lignin and its structureLignin is a complex class of organic polymers that form the key structural material in the support tissues of most plants. [1] Lignin is of particular importance in the formation of cell walls, especially in wood and bark, because they are rigid and less prone to decay. Chemi Read More

Lignin biosynthesis begins in the cytosol, where glycosylated monolignol is synthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine. These first reactions are shared with the phenylpropanoid pathway. The attached glucose makes them water soluble and less toxic. Polymerization begins once the m-glucose is remo Read More

A short briefing of ironIron (/ˈaɪən/ or /ˈaɪərn/) is a chemical element with the symbol Fe (from Latin: ferrum) and atomic number 26, a metal belonging to group 8 of the periodic table. It is the most common element on Earth by mass, second only to oxygen (32.1% and 30.1%, respectively), and makes Read More

Heme or heme (pronounced /hi:m/ HEEM) is the precursor to hemoglobin, which is required to bind oxygen in the blood. Heme is biosynthesized in the bone marrow and liver. [1]In biochemical terms, heme is a coordination complex "coordinated by an iron ion to porphyrin as a tetradentate ligand, and one Read More

Before we continue: If you got here because of a typo in a Google search, and you really want to read about carbonated soft drinks, hit the back button and try again.However, if you really want to learn about the digestive enzyme pepsin, you're in the right place. While it may not be as exciting as Read More

A digestive proteasePepsin (English name: Pepsin) is a digestive protease secreted by gastric principal cells in the stomach. It works by breaking down the proteins in food into small peptide fragments. The main cells secrete pepsinogen, which is stimulated by gastric acid or pepsin to form pepsin, Read More

While research on taking chondroitin sulfate has been mixed, some research suggests it may have some potential health benefits.May reduce joint painPeople most often take chondroitin sulfate supplements to help with osteoarthritis, a common bone disorder that affects the cartilage that surrounds joi Read More

Chondroitin sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG)[1] composed of alternating sugar chains (N-acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid). It is usually found attached to proteins as part of proteoglycans. [1] A chondroitin chain can have over 100 individual sugars, each of which can be sulfated Read More

Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA; also known as chenodeoxycholic acid, chenodelic acid, and 3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid) is a bile acid. The salt of this carboxylic acid is called chenodeoxycholate. Chenodeoxycholic acid is one of the main bile acids. It was first isolated from the bile of dom Read More