English Views: 11 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2022-11-01 Origin: Site
Nicotinamide, also known as nicotinamide, is an amide compound of niacin. It is a white crystalline powder; odorless or almost odorless, bitter in taste[1]; slightly hygroscopic. Soluble in water or ethanol, soluble in glycerol. Clinically, it is mainly used to prevent and treat pellagra, stomatitis, glossitis, sick sinus syndrome, atrioventricular block and other problems.
1. β-Picoline is oxidized to nicotinic acid by air, and the latter is reacted with ammonium hydroxide, and then heated and dehydrated.
2. Put nicotinic acid, boric acid and ammonia water into the reaction pot, feed ammonia gas under stirring, heat up and dissolve; then distill and recycle ammonia, move it into the dehydration pot to continue concentration after reaching 120℃; start adding liquid ammonia when the temperature reaches 145℃ , and continue to react with ammonia at 185～190℃ for 20～30h. Then it was cooled to 130°C, diluted with distilled water, added with activated carbon, and decolorized with ammonia at 70~80°C for 2 hours; after the reaction, filtered while hot, the filtrate was cooled in water for 24 hours, separated and crystallized, washed with ethanol, and dried to obtain the finished product. Yield 89%.
3. It is obtained by dehydrating niacin and ammonia into salt.
1. Biochemical research; nutrient components of tissue culture medium; clinical drugs are vitamin B group, which is used to prevent and treat pellagra, stomatitis, glossitis and other diseases.
2. It is an essential nutrient for mammals. The water solubility is better than that of niacin, but it is easy to form a complex with vitamin C and agglomerate. The dosage is 30～mg/kg.
3. Niacinamide and niacin can be used in most situations, and niacin also produces niacinamide in animals. The lack of niacinamide in the body can cause pellagra, so this product can prevent pellagra. Plays a role in protein and sugar metabolism, improving human and animal nutrition. It can be used as a nutritional additive in cosmetics. In addition, it is also used in medicine, food and feed additives.
1. Store in a cool, dry and well-ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. Keep container tightly closed.
2. It should be stored separately from the oxidant, and should not be mixed. Equipped with the appropriate variety and quantity of fire equipment. Storage areas should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials.
Niacinamide properties
This product is white crystalline powder; odorless or almost odorless, bitter in taste; slightly hygroscopic.
This product is easily soluble in water or ethanol, and soluble in glycerol.
Pharmacological effects of nicotinamide
Nicotinamide is a component of Coenzyme I and Coenzyme II and serves as a coenzyme for many dehydrogenases. Lack of it can affect the normal respiration and metabolism of cells and cause pellagra. Niacinamide is easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and after absorption, it is distributed to the body tissues, metabolized by the liver, and only a small amount is excreted in the urine in its original form.
1. Mainly used for the prevention and treatment of pellagra, stomatitis, glossitis, etc.
2. For the treatment of coronary heart disease, viral myocarditis, rheumatic heart disease and a small number of digitalis poisoning associated with arrhythmias (mostly after other drugs are ineffective).
3. In the cardiovascular system is mainly used for:
(1) Prevent heart block and improve sinus node function; it can improve heart rate slowing and atrioventricular block caused by verapamil.
⑵ for coronary heart disease, viral myocarditis, rheumatic heart disease and slow arrhythmia caused by digitalis poisoning.
1. Prevention and treatment of pellagra, stomatitis and glossitis: Oral: 50-200 mg once, 3 times a day. In case of poor oral absorption, glucose solution can be added intravenously, 25 mg each time, 2 times a day. At the same time, add other B vitamins and vitamin C.
2. Prevention and treatment of heart block: 300～400mg once a day, once a day, add 250ml of 10% glucose solution for intravenous drip, 30 days is a course of treatment. [4]
3. In the cardiovascular system
⑴ usually take 50~100mg once a day, 3 times a day; or 50~100mg plus human glucose solution by intravenous drip, once a day.
(2) In the treatment of heart block and sick sinus syndrome, the initial dose is 300~400mg/d, and 250ml of 5%~10% glucose solution is added for intravenous drip, once a day, and gradually increased to 1200~1400mg/d, A course of treatment is 14 to 20 days.
1. Intramuscular injection can cause pain, so use less.
2. Individuals can cause dizziness, nausea, epigastric discomfort, poor eating habits, etc., which can disappear on their own.
3. Overdose in early pregnancy may cause teratogenicity.
4. Both isoniazid and amine hydrochloride have antagonistic effects. Long-term use of isoniazid should be supplemented with amine hydrochloride.
5. A small number of patients died of miosis, salivation, sweating, increased blood pressure, weakened breathing, convulsions, paralysis.
6. Large doses can activate peptic ulcer, impaired glucose tolerance, liver damage and hyperuricemia. But it can be recovered after stopping the drug.
