English Views: 13 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2022-11-08 Origin: Site
Chemical name: hyodeoxycholic acid, NI isodeoxycholic acid, dihydroxycholic acid, isodeoxycholic acid
Appearance: white or slightly yellow powder
CAS Number: 83-49-8
EINECS: 201-483-2
Molecular formula: C24H40O4
Molecular weight: 392.58
Features:
This product is a bile acid extracted from pig bile. It can inhibit the formation of bile acid and dissolve fat, reduce blood cholesterol and triglyceride, and is suitable for type Ia or Ib hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
1. It has a certain antibacterial effect on bacillus pertussis, diphtheria bacillus, staphylococcus aureus, etc.
2. It can be used as an anti-inflammatory drug to treat chronic bronchitis, viral upper respiratory tract inflammation in children, etc.
3. It can stimulate bile secretion and make bile thinner without increasing the solid content. Suitable for non-obstructive cholestasis such as cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis.
4. It can accelerate the excretion of gallbladder contrast agent from the liver, which is beneficial to development.
5. It can be used for indigestion caused by liver and gallbladder diseases, and can reduce blood cholesterol at the same time.
6. Treatment and prevention of coronary heart disease and hypertension.
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), also known as ursodiol, is a secondary bile acid produced in humans and most other species by intestinal bacterial metabolism.It is synthesized in the liver of some species and was originally found in the bile of bears of the genus Ursus, hence the name.In purified form, it has been used to treat or prevent several diseases of the liver or bile ducts.It is available as a generic drug.
UDCA has been used as a medical treatment for gallstone disease (cholelithiasis) and biliary sludge.UDCA helps reduce cholesterol saturation in bile and gradually dissolve cholesterol-rich gallstones.UDCA may be given after bariatric surgery to prevent cholelithiasis,which is often hypersaturated biliary cholesterol due to hormonal changes secondary to rapid weight loss and biliary dyskinesia.
UDCA,used to treat primary biliary cholangitis (PBC; formerly known as primary biliary cirrhosis), may improve biomarkers. Meta-analyses confirmed conflicting results regarding mortality benefit.However, analyses excluding short-term (ie, < 2 years) trials have demonstrated a survival benefit and are generally considered more clinically relevant.A 2012 Cochrane systematic review found no significant benefit in reducing mortality,liver transplant rates, pruritus or fatigue.Ursodiol and Obeticholic Acid Approved by FDA for Primary Biliary Cholangitis.
UDCA use was associated with improved serum liver tests,but not always with improved liver disease status.WHO Drug Information recommends against its use in primary sclerosing cholangitis at unapproved doses above 13-15 mg/kg/day.UDCA at 28-30mg/kg/day increases the risk of death and liver transplant requirement by 2.3-fold in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis despite lower liver enzymes
UDCA has been used for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.UDCA reduces itching in mothers and may reduce the number of preterm births. The effect on fetal distress and other adverse outcomes is unlikely to be significant.
The use of UDCA in children is unlicensed because its safety and effectiveness have not been established. Growing evidence suggests that ursodeoxycholic acid is ineffective, unsafe, and its use is significantly associated with morbidity and mortality from neonatal hepatitis and neonatal cholestasis.
UDCA has been considered an adequate treatment for bile reflux gastritis.In cystic fibrosis, there is insufficient evidence to justify the routine use of UDCA, especially in the absence of available data on long-term outcomes such as death or need for liver transplantation.UDCA is also effective in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatobiliary deficiency syndrome.It is contraindicated in biliary obstruction such as biliary atresia.It is ineffective against liver allograft rejection and graft-versus-host disease involving the liver.
Diarrhea was the most common adverse event with UDCA in gallstone dissolution trials, occurring in 2% to 9%, and was less common than chenodeoxycholic acid treatment. Bacterial conversion of UDCA to chenodeoxycholic acid may be the mechanism for this side effect.Increased right upper quadrant pain and pruritus have occasionally been reported in trials of patients with PBC. Other symptoms may include bloating, weight gain, and occasionally thinning hair.
choleretic effect
Primary bile acids are produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.When secreted into the gut, primary bile acids can be metabolized to secondary bile acids by gut bacteria.Primary and secondary bile acids help the body digest fat. Ursodeoxycholic acid helps regulate cholesterol by reducing the rate at which cholesterol molecules are absorbed by the gut while breaking down cholesterol-containing micelles.This medication reduces cholesterol absorption and is used to dissolve (cholesterol) gallstones in patients who want to replace surgery.Cholestatic liver disease involves multiple mechanisms.
immune regulation
Ursodeoxycholic acid has also been experimentally shown to inhibit immune responses such as immune cell phagocytosis.Prolonged exposure and/or increased systemic (whole body,not just digestive) ursodeoxycholic acid may be toxic.
Anti-inflammatory effect
Ursodeoxycholic acid has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and protective effects in human gastrointestinal epithelial cells.It has been implicated in modulating immune regulatory responses by modulating cytokines,antimicrobial peptide defensins, and is actively involved in increasing the recovery of colonic wounds.In addition, the effects of UDCA have been shown to act outside the epithelium.While some bile acids are known to be colon tumor promoters (e.g. deoxycholic acid), others (e.g. ursodeoxycholic acid) are thought to have chemopreventive effects, possibly by inducing cell differentiation and / or cellular senescence.
